Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar un dispositivo automatizado para la asistencia ventilatoria basado en un AMBU manufacturado en Marzo del 2020. Métodos: El ESSI-1 INC fue evaluado por medio de parámetros fisiológicos y mecánica pulmonar a través de pruebas de espirómetro compensatorios (TISSOT); pulmón artificial (Modelo 5600i Dual Adult PNEU VIEW SYSTEM); así como su desempeño comparado a la máquina de anestesia (AEONMED 7500) en modelos porcinos, midiendo criterios ventilatorios, hemodinámicos y gasométricos. Resultados: Este equipo (ESSI-1 INC) fue exitosamente probado por modelos mecánicos y biológicos, tales como cerdos donde su desempeño fue evaluado en términos de la variabilidad del volumen tidal, frecuencia ventilatoria, y relación I/E versus el desempeño manual de dos médicos. Todos los resultados finalizaron como se esperaba de forma satisfactoria. Conclusiones: Es un equipo seguro y efectivo, el cual debería ser probado y usado en distintas condiciones clínicas para estandarizar la seguridad ventilatoria y cuidado de pacientes que lo requieran.

Abstract Objective: The objectives of this study were to evaluate an automated device for ventilatory support based on AMBU manufactured in March 2020. Methods: The ESSI-1 INC was evaluated through pulmonary mechanics and physiology parameters through compensatory spirometer tests (TISSOTs), and an artificial lung Model5600i Dual Adult PNEU VIEW SYSTEM; it was also compared to the anesthetic ventilatory support equipment (AEONMED 7500) in porcine models, measuring ventilatory, hemodynamic and gasometric parameters. Results: This equipment (ESSI-1 INC) was successfully tested by mechanical and biological models, such as pigs in which its performance was evaluated in terms of variability of tidal volume, ventilation frequency, and I/E relationship versus the manual performance of two medical interns. All the results turned out as expected and were satisfactory. Conclusions: It is safe and effective equipment and should be tested and used in diverse clinical conditions to standardize the ventilatory safety and care of patients who require it.

Resumen Introducción. Cryptosporidium spp. es un parásito protozoario del grupo de los coccidios, causante de diarreas, trastornos gastroentéricos y respiratorios (baja frecuencia) en diferentes especies de vertebrados a nivel mundial, principalmente en individuos jóvenes. Objetivo. Documentar las características más importantes de virulencia y patogenia del Cryptosporidium spp. así como, la descripción de sus variantes genéticas y su potencial zoonótico. Desarrollo. Existen más de diecinueve especies de Criptosporidium spp., donde se destacan C. parvum (humanos), C. bovis (bovinos), C. suis (porcinos) y C. ubiquitum (aves), debido a su alta capacidad infectiva dada por la diversidad de sus factores de virulencia. El parásito posee afinidad por los enterocitos y genera anomalías en la absorción y funciones secretoras del intestino. La criptosporidiosis varía en función del estado del huésped (edad, nutrición e inmunología), la fuente de contaminación (agua o ingesta), transmisión e higiene. Existen técnicas de diagnóstico, desde pruebas coproscópicas convencionales hasta pruebas de biología molecular. Conclusión. Factores como la variabilidad y los factores de virulencia del Cryptosporidium spp, se consideran mecanismos que favorecen la infección y dispersión del parasito a nivel individual y grupal en humanos y animales domésticos, al igual que la complejidad del ciclo de vida, la resistencia a condiciones ambientales, la capacidad infectiva y la interacción con el huésped consolidan al Cryptosporidium spp. como un agente zoonótico con efectos económicos importantes.

Abstract Introduction. Cryptosporidium spp. is a protozoan parasite belonging to the group of coccidia, causing diarrhea, gastroenteric, and respiratory disorders (less frequently) in different vertebrate species worldwide, primarily in young individuals. Objective. To document the most important virulence and pathogenic characteristics of Cryptosporidium spp., as well as the description of its genetic variants and its zoonotic potential. Development. There are more of 19 species of Cryptosporidium spp., with C. parvum (humans), C. bovis (cattle), C. suis (swine), and C. ubiquitum (birds) being noteworthy due to their high infectivity capacity, given by the diversity of their virulence factors. The parasite has an affinity for enterocytes and causes abnormalities in the intestinal absorption and secretory functions. Cryptosporidiosis varies depending on the host's status (age, nutrition, and immunity), the source of contamination (water or ingestion), transmission, and hygiene. Diagnostic techniques range from conventional coproscopic tests to molecular biology tests. Conclusion. Factors such as the variability and virulence factors of Cryptosporidium spp. are considered mechanisms that favor the infection and spread of the parasite at an individual and group level in humans and domestic animals, as well as the complexity of its life cycle, resistance to environmental conditions, the infective capacity, and host interaction consolidate Cryptosporidium spp. as a zoonotic agent with significant economic effects.

ABSTRACT The use of brackish water for preparation of nutrient solutions has several impacts on crop performance, depending on the water concentration and cation prevalence. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate production and water relations of coriander grown on nutrient solutions prepared with brackish waters with different cationic natures under hydroponic conditions. A randomized block experimental design with four replicates was used, in a 4 × 3 factorial arrangement. The treatments consisted of four electrical conductivities of the nutrient solution (1.6, 3.2, 4.8, and 6.4 dS m-1) which were prepared in waters with different salts (NaCl, CaCl2.2H2O, and MgCl2.6H2O). Salinity negatively affected the production and water relations of coriander grown in hydroponic system; plants grown on nutritive solutions with predominance of Na+ had higher total dry weight and shoot dry weights, as well as higher stomatal conductance. The largest leaf area was found when using the nutrient solution with predominance of Mg2+.

RESUMO O uso de águas salobras no preparo de soluções nutritivas tem diferentes impactos no desempenho das culturas, dependendo da concentração e prevalência catiônica da água. Portanto, este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a produção e as relações hídricas do coentro cultivado em soluções nutritivas preparadas com águas salobras de diferentes naturezas catiônicas em condições hidropônicas. O delineamento experimental adotado foi de blocos ao acaso, analisado em esquema fatorial 4 × 3, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de quatro níveis de condutividade elétrica da solução nutritiva (1,6; 3,2; 4,8 e 6,4 dS m-1) que foram preparadas em águas salinizadas com diferentes sais (NaCl; CaCl2.2H2O e MgCl2.6H2O). A salinidade afetou negativamente a produção e as relações hídricas do coentro cultivado em sistema hidropônico; verificou-se que as plantas submetidas às soluções nutritivas com predominância de Na+ tiveram maior produção de massa seca total e massa seca da parte aérea, bem como maior gs; assim como a maior área foliar foi obtida utilizando solução nutritiva com predominância de Mg2+.

ABSTRACT Leptospirosis and toxoplasmosis are zoonoses of occupational character that are spread worldwide, mainly in tropical and socioeconomically vulnerable areas. Both diseases have vertebrate hosts, which spread the infectious agent to the environment and are potentially infectious to humans and can progress to fatal cases. The present study reinforces the importance of One Health for the control and prophylaxis of leptospirosis and toxoplasmosis using sentinel animals in areas of socioeconomic vulnerability based on a serological study. A total of 336 blood samples were obtained from the canine population of the urban district, which has high rates of poverty and sanitation. The results were analyzed based on seroreactivity animals and georeferencing by kernel spatial mapping. A total of 43.3% (52/120) of the animals were seroreagents for anti-Leptospira spp., with a predominance of Canicola (35/52 = 67.3%) and Pyrogenes (5/52 = 9.6%), while 52.97% (178/336) of the dogs were seroreactive for anti-Toxoplasma gondii. The presence of seroreagent dogs for both zoonosis alert to the inadequate hygienic-sanitary conditions of the studied region, and highlight the importance of a survey of the social, economic and environmental structure to identify factors related to the links in the epidemiological chain of pathogen transmission and necessary corrective actions.

RESUMO Leptospirose e toxoplasmose são zoonoses de caráter ocupacional disseminadas mundialmente, principalmente em áreas tropicais e socioeconomicamente vulneráveis. Ambas as doenças têm hospedeiros vertebrados, que espalham o agente infeccioso para o meio ambiente e são potencialmente infecciosos para o homem, as quais podem evoluir para casos fatais. O presente estudo reforça a importância da saúde única para o controle e a profilaxia da leptospirose e da toxoplasmose, mediante a utilização de animais sentinela em áreas de vulnerabilidade socioeconômica, com base em estudo sorológico. Um total de 336 amostras de sangue foi obtido da população canina de um distrito urbano que apresenta altos índices de pobreza e ausência de saneamento básico. Os resultados foram analisados com base em animais sororreagentes e georreferenciados por mapeamento espacial de Kernel. Um total de 43,3% (52/120) dos animais foi sororreagente para anti-Leptospira spp., com predominância de Canicola (35/52 = 67,3%) e Pirogenes (5/52 = 9,6%), enquanto 52,97% (178/336) dos cães foram sororreagentes para anti-Toxoplasma gondii. A presença de cães sororreagentes para ambas as doenças alerta para as condições higiênico-sanitárias inadequadas da região estudada e evidencia a importância de um levantamento da estrutura social, econômica e ambiental para identificar fatores relacionados aos elos da cadeia epidemiológica de transmissão do patógeno e ações corretivas necessárias.

RESUMEN Introducción. Los virus son los principales agentes etiológicos en las infecciones respiratorias agudas graves; un alto porcentaje queda sin diagnóstico viral. Objetivo. Describir la frecuencia de rinovirus y metapneumovirus en pacientes pediátricos de una unidad centinela de Mar del Plata con infección respiratoria aguda grave y resultado negativo para virus clásicos por inmunofluorescencia y biología molecular. Población y métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se evaluó la presencia de rinovirus y metapneumovirus por biología molecular en 163 casos negativos para panel respiratorio por técnicas de vigilancia referencial, durante todo el año 2015. Resultados. Se detectó rinovirus en el 51,5 % de los casos, metapneumovirus en el 9,8 % y coinfección rinovirus-metapneumovirus en el 6,1 %. Fueron negativos para ambos virus el 32,5 %. Conclusiones. La selección de muestras sin diagnóstico virológico permitió identificar rinovirus y metapneumovirus como agentes causales de infecciones respiratorias agudas graves pediátricas y su impacto en la morbimortalidad infantil y en nuestro sistema sanitario.

Abstract Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a disease with fatal, disabling, and costly consequences for individuals, families, communities and countries. To systematically establish the psychosocial risk factors associated with GDM that should be monitored during and after pregnancy. Systematic review in PubMed/Medline and Cochrane databases. 1188 articles were found and 41 were selected. Some main themes were conflicts with cultural practices, social stigma, ethnicity/race influence, low educational level, sleep quality, breastfeeding problems, concern for one’s own health/baby, low perception of the risk of GDM/DM2 in the future, stress, anxiety and depression, limited knowledge, lack of support from the partner/family/social and health professionals, low levels of self-care/self-efficacy and difficulties with changes in the lifestyle. These factors should be monitored in pregnant women during and after delivery. Treatments should consider the psychological impact and the risk of developing DM2 after childbirth and should be included in clinical practice guidelines. Multi-ethnic populations and the most demographically and socioeconomically vulnerable groups are more susceptible to developing GDM.

Resumen La diabetes mellitus gestacional DMG es una enfermedad con consecuencias mortales, incapacitantes y costosas para las personas, las familias, las comunidades y los países. Con el fin de establecer de manera sistemática los factores de riesgo psicosocial asociados con la DMG que deberían ser monitoreados durante y después del embarazo se realizó una revisión sistemática en las bases de datos PubMed/Medline y Cochrane. Se encontraron 1188 artículos y se seleccionaron 41. Algunos temas principales fueron conflictos con prácticas culturales, estigma social, influencia de la etnia/raza, bajo nivel educativo, calidad del sueño, problemas con la lactancia materna, preocupación por la propia salud o la del bebé, baja percepción de riesgo de DMG o de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en el futuro, estrés, ansiedad y depresión, conocimiento limitado, falta de apoyo de la pareja, de la familia o social y de los profesionales de la salud, bajos niveles de autocuidado/autoeficacia y dificultades con cambios en el estilo de vida. Estos factores deberían monitorearse en las embarazadas durante y después del parto. Los tratamientos deberían considerar el impacto psicológico y el riesgo de desarrollar diabetes mellitus tipo 2 después del parto, y deberían ser incluidos en las guías de práctica clínica. Las poblaciones multiétnicas y los grupos más vulnerables demográficamente y socioeconómicamente son más susceptibles de desarrollar DMG.

Resumen Antecedentes. Hasta la fecha, el principal interés clínico de la DPP4 se centra en su inhibición en pacientes diabéticos para prolongar la vida media de las incretinas. Las alteraciones epigenéticas resultantes de la inhibición de DPP4 han sido poco exploradas. Objetivo. Determinar si la sitagliptina, un inhibidor de DPP4, tiene efectos sobre la expresión de KAT7 y SIRT1 (genes que codifican una histona acetiltransferasa y una histona desacetilasa, respectivamente) en células de cáncer de mama MCF7, que desempeñan un papel esencial en la modulación del paisaje epigenético de la cromatina. Método. Las células MCF7 se incubaron durante 20 h con sitagliptina a concentraciones de 0.5, 1.0 y 2.0 μM. Se aisló el ARN total y se determinó la expresión relativa de ARNm de KAT7 y SIRT1 mediante RT-qPCR. Resultados. Hubo una regulación a la baja en la expresión relativa de ambos genes; para KAT7, la regulación negativa alcanzó hasta 0.49 (p = 0.027) y para SIRT1 alcanzó hasta 0.55 (p = 0.037). Conclusiones. Estos resultados sugieren que la sitagliptina tiene efectos sobre el paisaje epigenético de las histonas. Este tema merece más estudios debido al uso actual de inhibidores de DPP4 en pacientes diabéticos.

Abstract Background. To date, the main clinical interest in DPP4 is focused on its inhibition in diabetic patients to prolong the half-life of incretins. Epigenetic alterations resulting from DPP4 inhibition have been poorly explored. Objective. The objective of this study was to determine, whether sitagliptin, a DPP4 inhibitor, has effects on the expression of KAT7 and SIRT1 (genes encoding a histone acetyltransferase and a histone deacetylase, respectively) in MCF7 breast cancer cells, which play an essential role in modulating the epigenetic landscape of chromatin. Material and methods. MCF7 cells were incubated for 20 h with sitagliptin at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 μM. Total RNA was isolated and the relative mRNA expression of KAT7 and SIRT1 was determined by RT-qPCR. Results. There was downregulation in the relative expression of both genes; for KAT7, downregulation reached up to 0.49 (p = 0.027) and for SIRT1, it reached up to 0.55 (p = 0.037). Conclusions. These results suggest that sitagliptin has effects on the histone epigenetic landscape. This topic deserves further study due to the current sample use of DPP4 inhibitors in diabetic patients.

Abstract This paper presents a radiopropagation algorithm based on a Ray Tracing (RT) technique that combines a modified multipath model for constant refractivity gradient profiles and the Uniform Theory of Diffraction (UTD). A novel formulation is proposed by the authors for calculation and ground-reflection analysis of ray paths depending on atmospheric refractivity. The algorithm introduced herein was evaluated in a mixed scenario and in two more realistic case studies, under conditions of constant refractivity gradient and lossy terrain profiles. Pathloss results are obtained and compared with Parabolic Equation (PE) numerical solution results at 2.0 GHz, 3.5 GHz and 5.4 GHz. In such conditions, the modified radiopropagation multipath algorithm with atmospheric refractivity introduced herein showed satisfactory results.

ABSTRACT The risk analysis evaluates the probability of occurrence with the impact of said risks. In the hydrocarbon sector, an environmental liability is an improperly abandoned facility, soil contaminated by spills or others. The objective of this work is to define a risk management plan. The characterization of the residue and the area was carried out. Hazardous events were identified: overflow spill, soil contamination by infiltration, as well as radiant heat and suffocating and toxic fumes from a fire. The matrix method was applied considering the probability of occurrence against vulnerability. The danger of infiltration implied a high level of risk. The risk management plan was drawn up, its main action being the liquidation of the pool and the sanitation of the area.

RESUMEN El análisis de riesgos evalúa la probabilidad de ocurrencia con el impacto de dichos riesgos. En el sector de hidrocarburos, un pasivo ambiental es una instalación abandonada inadecuadamente, suelo contaminado por derrames u otros. El objetivo de este trabajo es definir un plan de gestión de riesgo. Se realizó la caracterización del residuo y de la zona. Se identificaron los eventos peligrosos: derrame por desborde, contaminación del suelo por infiltración, así como calor por radiación y humos sofocantes y tóxicos de un incendio. Se aplicó el método de las matrices considerando la probabilidad de ocurrencia contra la vulnerabilidad. El peligro de infiltración implicó un nivel alto de riesgo. Se elaboró el plan de gestión de riesgo siendo su principal acción la liquidación de la piscina y el saneamiento del área.

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar las características tomográficas preoperatorias de la nariz y los senos paranasales de niños con dacriocistitis crónica. Método: Estudio prospectivo, observacional, transversal y descriptivo. Se evaluaron tomografías de senos paranasales de pacientes candidatos a dacriocistorrinostomía endoscópica, durante 2 años. Se identificaron características demográficas, hallazgos radiológicos, procesos inflamatorios y variantes anatómicas, utilizando la clasificación Lund-Mackay. Análisis estadístico con Stata 10.0, análisis descriptivo con t de Student: diferencia medias y χ2. Estudios logísticos para estimar la probabilidad entre variables. Resultados: Se incluyeron 27 hombres y 11 mujeres (n = 38). De ellos, 22 tenían afección del conducto nasolagrimal unilateral y 16 bilateral. Rango de puntuación de Lund-Mackay: 2-20. Once pacientes tuvieron patología asociada. Seno etmoidal anterior y maxilar más afectados (69%), complejo osteomeatal (68%), etmoidal posterior (51%). La probabilidad de que los pacientes con rinosinusitis grave puedan presentar dacriocistitis es 12 veces mayor que en los pacientes con < 12 puntos. Los hombres presentaron mayor gravedad, afectación y repercusión clínica. Conclusiones: Existe afección rinosinusal radiológica en la dacriocistitis, que debe ser evaluada y tratada en el preoperatorio para evitar complicaciones o reinfecciones posquirúrgicas.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the preoperative tomographic characteristics of the nose and paranasal sinuses of children with chronic dacryocystitis. Method: Prospective, observational, cross-sectional, and descriptive study. CT scans of the paranasal sinuses of patients candidates for endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy were evaluated for two years. Demographic characteristics, radiological findings, inflammatory processes and anatomical variants were identified using the Lund-Mackay classification. Statistic analysis. Stata 10.0, descriptive analysis, Student's t: mean difference and χ2. Logistic studies to estimate the probability between variables. Results: 27 men and 11 women (n = 38) were included. Of these, 22 had unilateral and 16 bilateral nasolacrimal duct involvement. Lund-Mackay score range: 2-20. Eleven patients had associated pathology. The most affected were anterior and maxillary ethmoidal sinus (69%), osteomeatal complex (68%), posterior ethmoidal (51%). Patients with severe rhinosinusitis are 12 times more likely to develop dacryocystitis than patients with < 12 points. Men presented greater severity, affectation, and clinical repercussion. Conclusions: There is radiological rhinosinusal involvement in dacryocystitis, which must be evaluated and treated preoperatively to avoid postoperative complications or reinfections.

Resumen Introducción: Aún es controversial si la deficiencia de vitamina B12 se asocia a alteraciones cognitivas. Objetivo: Conocer la asociación entre los niveles séricos de vitamina B12 y el desempeño cognitivo. Métodos: Se incluyeron 241 personas ≥ 60 años con medición de niveles séricos de vitamina B12. Se realizó evaluación física y cognitiva y se formaron tres grupos: cognición normal (CN), deterioro cognitivo leve (DCL) y demencia. Los niveles de vitamina B12 se clasificaron en suficiencia (> 400 pg/mL), deficiencia subclínica (201-400 pg/mL) y deficiencia absoluta (≤ 200 pg/mL). Se realizó análisis de regresión lineal multivariado para evaluar la asociación entre función cognitiva y niveles de vitamina B12 después de controlar las variables confusoras. Resultados: La media de edad fue 81.4 ± 8.0 años; 68 % fue del sexo femenino; 17.8 y 39.8 % presentaron deficiencia absoluta y subclínica de vitamina B12; 80 individuos (33 %) cumplieron los criterios de DCL y 70 (29 %), de demencia. Después de ajustar por edad, sexo y escolaridad, los sujetos con DCL y demencia tuvieron niveles más bajos de vitamina B12 comparados con aquellos con CN (p = 0.019). Conclusiones: Se observó asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el desempeño cognitivo global y los niveles bajos de vitamina B12.

Abstract Introduction: Whether vitamin B12 deficiency is associated with cognitive impairment remains controversial. Objective: To determine the association between vitamin B12 serum levels and cognitive performance. Methods: Two-hundred and forty-one adults aged ≥ 60 years who had serum vitamin B12 serum levels measurement were included. Physical and cognitive evaluation was carried out, and three groups were formed: normal cognition (NC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. Vitamin B12 levels were classified as sufficiency (> 400 pg/mL), subclinical deficiency (201-400 pg/mL), and absolute deficiency (≤ 200 pg/mL). Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between cognitive function and vitamin B12 levels after controlling for confounding variables. Results: Mean age was 81.4 ± 8.0 years; 68% were females; 17.8 % and 39.8% had absolute and subclinical vitamin B12 deficiency, respectively; 80 individuals (33%) met the criteria for MCI, and 70 (29%), for dementia. Those with MCI and dementia had lower vitamin B12 levels in comparison with those with NC after adjusting for age, gender and educational level (p = 0.019). Conclusions: A statistically significant association was observed between global cognitive performance and levels of vitamin B12.

Resumen Se evaluó la eficacia in vitro contra Curvularia eragrostidis de dos productos a base de extractos de plantas, System Max® (Mimosa tenuiflora + Quercus robur) y Sedric 4X® (Yucca schidigera), y tres productos a base de agentes de control biológico, BliteFree® (Streptomyces spp.), BioFungus Clean® (Bacillus subtilis + B. thuringiensis + Trichoderma harzianum + T. viride) y Tonka® (Bacillus subtilis + T. harzianum + Streptomyces lydicus). El fitopatógeno fue aislado de manchas foliares en plantas de piña (Ananas comosus). La cepa fue identificada por reconstrucción filogenética usando las secuencias rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 como Curvularia eragrostidis. En bioensayos dosis respuesta se evaluaron cinco concentraciones: 0 (control), 0.125, 0.25, 0.5 y 1.0% de cada producto comercial. Se midió el crecimiento diario del micelio (CDM), la inhibición del crecimiento del micelio (% ICM) y la concentración letal media (CL50). Sedric 4X® mostró el% ICM más alto (75%) a la concentración más alta, mientras que Tonka® mostró el% ICM más alto (65%) a la concentración más baja, siendo constante (65.3-66.9%) en todas las concentraciones probadas. Los valores más bajos de CL50 los alcanzaron Tonka® (0.008%), BliteFree (0.015%) y BioFungus Clean® (0.017%). En cambio, los CL50 más altos los alcanzaron Sedric 4X® (0.260%) y System Max® (3.5%). SystemMax® y Sedric 4X® mostraron una relación positiva entre concentración y% ICM, a pesar de sus valores altos de CL50. Los biofungicidas fueron más efectivos que los fungicidas a base de extractos de plantas.

Abstract In vitro effectiveness of two plant extract-based products, System Max® (Mimosa tenuiflora + Quercus robur) and Sedric 4X® (Yucca schidigera); and three biological control agents-based products, BliteFree® (Streptomyces spp.), BioFungus Clean® (Bacillus subtilis + B. thuringiensis + Trichoderma harzianum + T. viride), and Tonka® (Bacillus subtilis + Trichoderma harzianum + Streptomyces lydicus) were evaluated against Curvularia eragrostidis, an associated fungus to leaf spot disease in pineapple (Ananas comosus) plants. The strain was identified by phylogenetic reconstruction using the rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequences as Curvularia eragrostidis. Through a doses response-bioassays five concentrations: 0 (control), 0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0% of each commercial product were tested. Daily mycelial growth (DMG), mycelial growth inhibition (% MGI) and the lethal mean concentration (LC50) were calculated. Sedric 4X® showed the highest% MGI (75%) at highest concentration, while Tonka® showed the highest% MGI (65%) at lower concentration, being constant (65.3-66.9%) at all the concentrations tested. The lowers values of EC50 were achieved by Tonka® (0.008%), BliteFree® (0.015%) and BioFungus Clean® (0.017%). In contrast, the highest CE50 were reached by Sedric 4X® (0.260%) and System Max® (3.5%). SystemMax® and Sedric 4X®, showed a positive relation between concentration and% MGI, despite its highest CE50 values. The biofungicides seem to be more effective against C. eragrostidis than plant extracts fungicides.

RESUMEN El trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) es uno de los trastornos del neurodesarrollo con más alta prevalencia, estimada en 5%, en la población infantil. El objetivo de esta revisión fue sintetizar las tecnologías existentes que sirven para evaluar, diagnosticar y tratar síntomas de TDAH en población pediátrica. Esta es una revisión preliminar, de tipo integradora, que incluyó artículos publicados en 3 bases de datos especializadas, PsycINFO, Eric y Web of Science, entre los años 2005 y 2021. Se encontró que las pruebas diagnósticas clásicas se dividen en pruebas psicométricas, evaluación por biomarcadores y movimientos oculares. Por su parte, las pruebas que utilizan la tecnología son aquellas a evaluación y diagnóstico (DIDE, MOXO, AULA, AQUIARUM y BRAINGAZE) y aquellas que se utilizan en la terapéutica (SINCROLAB, PSIOUS, SISTEMA eTNS y varias basadas en neurofeedback). Las modernas tecnologías ofrecen cierto porcentaje de sensibilidad con baja inversión, tampoco requieren de equipos costosos y la preparación del profesional psicólogo o médico para su aplicación, es relativamente sencilla y accesible, ya que viene como complemento en la compra de la mayoría de los programas. Con el fin de continuar examinando su efectividad, se recomienda seguir evaluando estas herramientas con metodologías más robustas, en poblaciones clínicas grandes, debiendo ser esto una prioridad para futuras investigaciones.

ABSTRACT Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the neurodevelopmental disorders with the highest prevalence, estimated at 5%, in the pediatric population. The objective of this review was to synthesize the existing technologies used to evaluate, diagnose, and treat ADHD symptoms in the pediatric population. This is a preliminary, integrative review, which included articles published in 3 specialized databases, PsycINFO, Eric and Web of Science, between 2005 and 2021. It was found that classical diagnostic tests are divided into psychometric tests, biomarker assessment and eye movements. On the other hand, the tests that use technology are those for evaluation and diagnosis (DIDE, MOXO, AULA, AQUIARUM and BRAINGAZE) and those used in therapy (SINCROLAB, PSIOUS, SISTEMA eTNS and several based-on neurofeedback). The modern technologies offer a certain percentage of sensitivity with low investment, they do not require expensive equipment and the preparation of the psychologist or medical professional for their application is relatively simple and accessible, since it comes as a complement in the purchase of most of the programs. To continue examining their effectiveness, it is recommended to continue assessing these tools with more robust methodologies, in large clinical populations, and this should be a priority for future research.

Abstract Cereus jamacaru is a cactus distributed in Northeastern Brazil, with high symbolic value to this region. However, the interaction, behavior and the role of pollinators remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate the reproductive biology, addressing the ecological significance of floral attributes, including details about floral signaling. The study was carried at three areas of the Caatinga, in 2015, 2017 and 2021. We analyzed the floral morphometry, volume and concentration of the nectar, and characterized the colour and scent of flowers. Additionally, we described the pollinator behavior and performed controlled pollination experiments. The ‘Mandacaru’ is self-incompatible, has nocturnal anthesis and the nectar is accumulated as droplets in a long hypanthial tube. The flowers have a reflective pattern with a dark outer surface and a white inner surface. (E)-nerolidol is the major component (87.4%) of its floral perfume. We registered the sphingid moth Cocytius antaeus visiting the flowers. The floral attributes, attractants and rewards drives to a sphingophily, and the pollination treatments showed the dependence to fruit set by C. antaeus, the pollinator registered. In this case, if the apparent lack of pollinator diversity encompasses its entire range, the loss of the hawkmoth could severely impact the reproductive success of the cactus.

Abstract Introduction: There is an increasing number of consumers who appreciate the quality of a good artisan product and who, therefore, are willing to pay for it. The elaboration of artisanal products seeks to judiciously use labor to produce products with high added value such as originality and sensory qualities. The objective of this work is to evaluate the useful life and the limiting factor of deterioration in a homemade hot sauce for its potential commercialization. Methodology: Three possible pathways of deterioration were evaluated: Microbiological degradation (determined by the total count of mesophilic aerobic bacteria and total coliforms), deterioration of sensory characteristics (by sensory evaluation using a hedonic scale) and physicochemical deterioration determined by degradation of the fat after storage for 4 months at 40°C. Results: Differences were found in sensory characteristics before and after storage (all p<0.05). The growth of mesophilic aerobes and total coliform bacteria were <10 CFU/g, pH was evaluated for the risk that it could be due to the growth of C. botulinum, however, in addition to not observing the production of gas the pH was 3.6, so a potential growth of this microorganism was ruled out. Conclusions: The main path of deterioration in the sauce analyzed is the degradation of fats, reflected in the changes in the physicochemical variable’s acidity, peroxide index, iodine index and saponification index. It is considered that the estimated shelf life for the sauce was 3 weeks without heat treatment at room temperature or 4 months in refrigeration, also without heat treatment. The product is well accepted sensorily, so the only limitation would be the degradation of the fat in a long storage period, or it will be stored in an inappropriate way.

Resumen Introducción: Cada vez es mayor el número de consumidores que saben apreciar la calidad de un buen producto artesano y que, por lo tanto, están dispuestos a pagar por ello. La elaboración de productos artesanales busca emplear juiciosamente la mano de obra para elaborar productos de alto valor añadido como la originalidad y cualidades sensoriales. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar la vida útil y el factor limitante de deterioro en una salsa picante casera para su potencial comercialización. Metodología: Se evaluaron tres posibles vías de deterioro: La descomposición microbiológica (determinada por la cuenta total de bacterias mesofílicas aerobias y coliformes totales), el deterioro de las características sensoriales (por evaluación sensorial mediante escala hedónica) y el deterioro fisicoquímico determinado por la degradación de la grasa después de un almacenamiento por 4 meses a 40°C. Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias en las características sensoriales antes y después del almacenamiento (todas p<0,05). El crecimiento de mesofílicos aerobios y coliformes totales fue <10 UFC/g, de igual manera se determinó el pH para evaluar el riesgo de que pudiese ser debido a crecimiento de C. botulinum, no obstante, además de no observarse la producción de gas el pH fue de 3,6, por lo que se descartó un potencial crecimiento de este microorganismo. Conclusiones: La principal vía de deterioro en la salsa analizada es la degradación de la grasa, reflejado en los cambios de las variables fisicoquímicas acidez, índice de peróxidos, índice de yodo e índice de saponificación. Se considera que el tiempo de vida estimado para la salsa es de 3 semanas sin tratamiento térmico a temperatura ambiente o 4 meses en refrigeración también sin tratamiento térmico. El producto es bien aceptado sensorialmente, por lo que la única limitante es la degradación de la grasa en un período de conservación largo o almacenada de manera no apropiada.